A recent report issued by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has become a global focus. The report, Climate Change 2013: Foundations of Natural Science, was written by 18 Chinese authors and cited by more than 400 Chinese experts. Qin Dahe, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, served as co chair of the drafting group. The report points out that warming of the climate system is an unquestionable fact. Since the 1950s, more than half of the global average surface temperatures observed by humans have risen, and more than 95% of them are likely to be caused by human activity, a figure higher than previously reported. Compared with the fourth assessment report released in 2007, what new findings have been made in this report, and why has the likelihood of human activity contributing to climate warming increased again and again? What should we do under the increasing pressure of greenhouse gas emission reduction? The reporter interviewed experts from home and abroad. The facts of climate warming are more conclusive and more quantitative scientific data are available, which strongly supports the conclusion of climate warming. As a member of the Chinese delegation, Chao Dust, deputy director of the National Climate Center of the China Meteorological Administration, participated in the deliberation of the report of Working Group I held in Stockholm, Sweden.
The report further confirms that climate is warming. The report points out that warming of the climate system is an unquestionable fact, and that many of the changes observed in the climate system since 1950 have been unprecedented in the past few decades or even thousands of years. Every 10 years in the last 3 10 years are all warmer than any 10 years since 1850. From 1880 to 2012, the average temperature of the global sea surface surface showed an upward trend and increased by 0.85 degrees Celsius. Nest dust told reporters that compared with the fourth assessment report, the assessment report has made significant progress in many aspects, especially based on the latest observation data and simulation methods, obtained more quantitative scientific data, can be more comprehensive, multi-angle, diversified description of scientific facts. For example, the Fourth Assessment Report showed that sea levels rose by an average of 3.1 millimetres a year from 1993 to 2003; it indicated that sea levels rose by an average of 3.2 millimetres a year from 1993 to 2010, and the rate of sea level rise was accelerating. Again, the fourth assessment report shows that Arctic sea ice area decreased at a rate of 2.7% per decade from 1979 to 2005; the assessment report indicates that Arctic sea ice area decreased at a rate of 3.5% - 4.1% per decade from 1979 to 2012, and the rate of reduction accelerated, and climate system changes were very obvious. "These facts are more clear that the fact that climate warming is even more conclusive." Said the nest. Professor Chris Ripley of University College London in England is a renowned climate scientist in England. He told reporters that the report corrected some of the deviations in previous reports and proposed new concepts, new measurement methods and models. The conclusion is that the earth is indeed warming. Global warming will increase by 0.3 to 4.8 degrees Celsius at the end of this century. High-temperature heat waves will be reported more frequently. By the end of this century, sea level will rise by 0.2 to 1 meter, with a median of 0.6 meters. By the end of this century, global warming will increase between 0.3 and 4.8 degrees Celsius. Compared with 1850-1900, it is possible that the global surface temperature will rise more than 2 degrees Celsius. The co-chairman of Working Group I, Thomas Stoke, introduced that, according to the minimum greenhouse gas emission scenario model, the global average surface temperature would probably be higher than 1.5 degrees Celsius by the end of the century compared with 1850-1900, and that, according to the two higher emission scenarios, warming could exceed 2 degrees Celsius. With climate warming, high temperature heat waves will become more frequent and longer. There will be more precipitation in the humid area and less precipitation in arid areas.
By 2100, the temperature of the earth will not rise above 2 degrees, which is the threshold value promised by all governments. According to the report, there is a 33% chance of achieving this goal if the cumulative global anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions are controlled at about 1.56 trillion tons of carbon; 50% chance of achieving this goal if controlled at about 1.21 trillion tons of carbon; and 66% chance of achieving this goal if controlled at about 1 trillion tons of carbon. "
By 2011, the world has emitted about 531 billion tons of carbon, the remaining carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions space has been very small, the global pressure to reduce emissions is very great, the urgency of addressing climate change, the global need for further action to reduce emissions. Based on the above scientific basis, political decision-making also needs to consider the feasibility of economy and technology, there are many options. Said the nest. Faced with the enormous pressure of emission reduction, nest dust suggestions, governments at all levels to implement energy-saving emission reduction policies and measures, each of us should start from the things around us, practice a low-carbon life, less driving, low-carbon travel, use energy-saving light bulbs, turn off lights at random... Through these specific actions, we can reduce greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions, protect the climate and contribute to building a beautiful China.
Chris Lepley said that the public's understanding of the scientific principles, complexity and harmfulness of climate change is far from enough, so it is important to disseminate climate change scientifically. "Scientists should work closely with disseminators to adequately explain these scientific issues in order to better conduct cross-disciplinary collaborative research.
Climate change has to be addressed through human participation, and a number of very committed people may be able to change it.